
Matthew 16:13-20 (NRSVue)
Sermon for August 23, 2026
Don’t skip the first half of verse 13.
It’s the part we always rush past to get to the good line, the question; “Who do people say that the Son of Man is?” We want to get there fast, because that’s the question with the theology in it. But Matthew doesn’t start the scene there. He, (like last week) starts it with a place: “Now when Jesus came into the district of Caesarea Philippi…” (16:13). If you skip that part, you skip a major plot point of the scene.
Going to Caesarea Philippi was a calculated move by Jesus. This was territory that used to belong to the Israelite tribe of Naphtali. It was an old, holy piece of the Promised Land. Then Rome got hold of it. Augustus handed the region to Herod, who built a marble temple there in honor of the emperor.
When Herod died, his son Philip took it over, expanded it, and renamed the town after himself and his patron: Caesarea of Philip. Caesar’s city. A shrine to the pagan god Pan sat carved into the rock face above a spring. Greek inscriptions to a whole shelf of pagan gods still mark the cliffside today. Add in the trade routes running through; Tyre to the west, Damascus to the northeast, and you’ve got a city that ran on money, empire, and religion, all working the same machine.
If you want a modern picture, don’t think small-town corner market. Think K Street in Washington, D.C. Think the marble halls where lobbyists in thousand-dollar suits and dresses trade favors for influence, where every conversation is really about power, and power is the only god anybody actually worships.
That’s where Jesus chose to ask the question. He could have asked it in some quiet Galilean village where the stakes were low. Nope. In Caesar’s own showroom. And that fact influences everything about what happens next. Location sets the intensity. Jesus knew exactly where he was standing when he asked his disciples to say, out loud, who they believed he was.
Before he gets there, though, it’s worth remembering what just happened a few verses earlier, because it tells you what kind of mood the disciples are already in when they arrive. The Pharisees and Sadducees had come at Jesus demanding a sign, trying to trap him into something they could use against him, and Jesus had answered with a warning: “Watch out, and beware of the yeast of the Pharisees and Sadducees” (16:6).
The disciples, half-listening as usual, assumed he was scolding them for forgetting to pack bread. He wasn’t talking about bread. It was a metaphor; yeast works its way through a whole batch of dough quietly, invisibly, until the entire loaf is overtaken. Jesus was warning them about religious teaching that looks spiritual on the surface but has no love working through it. He was warning them about having a tradition kept for tradition’s sake, positions defended out of pride, a public performance of holiness with nothing underneath it.
That warning is still going through the disciples’ brains when Jesus turns to them in Caesarea Philippi and asks what, exactly, they believe. The order of events is not coincidental. He’s just told them to watch for religion that’s gone hollow. Now he wants to know if their own faith has any substance to it.
So, Jesus starts with a survey. “Who do people say that the Son of Man is?” And the answers come back: John the Baptist. Elijah. Jeremiah, or one of the prophets. What do those answers have in common? Every name on that list belongs to a dead man.
Powerful men, all of them, yes. They were men who stood in front of kings and told them the truth whether the king wanted to hear it or not. They spoke truth to power, even in the face of danger. But all the same, dead. The crowd’s best guess is that God has reached back into the grave and sent someone back for round two. It’s not a bad answer. It says something right; that whoever Jesus is, he belongs in that lineage of people willing to risk their very lives for God’s word.
Survey now over, Jesus turns the question on the twelve men closest to him. “But who do you say that I am?” (16:15). Peter. Nails It. We should cheer for him when he confesses, “You are the Messiah, the Son of the living God” (16:16)!
Bold Peter, the one who gets out of the boat, the one who always talks first and thinks later, finally has his big moment. Give the man credit. He’d been there for the healings, the two feedings, the night on the water when Jesus caught him by the wrist. He’d invested more hours with Jesus than anybody else it seems. Surely all that field experience is what pays off here. Surely Peter earns this one, right?
Except Jesus says otherwise, and he says it directly to Peter’s face: “Blessed are you, Simon son of Jonah! For flesh and blood has not revealed this to you, but my Father in heaven” (16:17). Flesh and blood. That phrase covers everything Peter has going for him; his eyes, his ears, his memory, his instincts, years of accumulated firsthand experience. Jesus names all of that and then rules it out as the source of this confession. Whatever just came out of Peter’s mouth didn’t come from being the best disciple. It came from someplace Peter didn’t manufacture and can’t take credit for. This is a gift landing on him, not a status he earned.
Some of us were raised to think faith is a subject you get good at; read enough, pray enough, serve on enough committees, and eventually you’ll have earned your way to solid conviction. Peter’s confession suggests otherwise. He didn’t out-study his way to the truth. It was given to him. Which means that same grace lands on the newest person in this room today exactly the way it lands on the person who’s read every book on the Gospel of Matthew ever written. That’s prevenient grace, if you want the technical term; God’s love, showing up before you ever go looking for it.
So Peter names him Messiah, straight from a revelation by God in Heaven. It’s a big moment. Then Jesus continues his blessing this way; “And I tell you, you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church, and the gates of Hades will not prevail against it” (16:18). In Greek, Jesus is making a small pun; Petros for Peter, petra for rock. It’s interesting wordplay, but there’s more underneath the hood.
There’s a detail you can’t see by reading our English translations alone: petra is a feminine noun, and it agrees grammatically with another feminine noun in the same verse, ekklesia, the word we translate to “church.” Peter’s name and the word “rock” don’t line up the way English makes them sound like they do.
Scholars and the Church itself have debated for centuries exactly what “the rock” is; Peter himself, or his confession, or the moment of revelation. Let me state clearly how well I know that my study of this passage will not settle a fight that old. But the grammar at least opens the door to a possibility worth considering: the foundation of the church isn’t a personality. It’s the truth Peter just spoke, freely given, freely spoken. Peter is the first to say it. He is not the reason it’s true.
While preparing for the sermon this week, I read an article that brought up the movie Vantage Point from 2008. It’s not one of my favorites, but a clever piece of filmmaking. It’s a movie about an assassination attempt, told over and over from the perspective of a different character each time, the same fifteen minutes rewound and replayed until you’ve seen the whole event from every angle. No single witness in that film has the full picture. Only the audience does, because we get all the angles stitched together.
Caesarea Philippi works the same way when it came to Jesus. The crowd has a vantage point; some guesses built from rumor and reaching for the past. The Pharisees and Sadducees have theirs; suspicion and a demand for proof. And the disciples have theirs, which for eleven of the twelve amounts to silence. Only Peter speaks. But he speaks truth while standing in the land of earthly power, influence and conquest.
So, here’s a question for all of us sitting in this sanctuary this morning. Jesus wants to know what you, from wherever your vantage point is this morning, will say about him. Remember, Peter’s answer, “Messiah, Son of the living God”, was a title loaded with political dynamite in a city built to honor Caesar. To call Jesus “anointed one” in the shadow of Caesar’s temple was to say, out loud, that Rome’s emperor was not, in fact, the highest authority. Jesus asks an allegiance question to his disciples. Whoever answers that question honestly is choosing where their ultimate loyalty lives, with the empire that currently holds power, or with the God who outlasts every empire.
Back to the story. Here’s what the confession costs you: naming him doesn’t leave you a spectator.Jesus follows the blessing of Peter with authority that sounds almost administrative; “I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven, and whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven” (16:19). Binding and loosing were rabbinic terms for a real job… a rabbi would decide what’s permitted, what’s forbidden, and how the community lives together.
This is much more than some generic blessing, and I believe it was meant for more than just Peter. It’s Jesus handing his followers the responsibility to decide, in real time, in their own communities, how the kingdom of heaven touches the ground, how it arrives. We do the binding and loosing by the choices we make, out there, in the real world, outside of the safety of our sanctuary. Like on a Thursday at 4pm. Or 4am.
Later in this Gospel we’ll learn how Jesus describes part of that assignment; Whatever you do for the hungry, the stranger, the prisoner, the one with no clean water, you have done for me (25:44-45). Binding and loosing is about how we treat the people with the least. Again, Jesus’ words: “Truly I tell you, just as you did it to one of the least of these brothers and sisters of mine, you did it to me” (25:40). That’s what binding and loosing looks like.
The story here in chapter 16 ends with Jesus delivering a command that sounds odd until you remember where they are currently standing. Jesus sternly orders the disciples to tell no one that he is the Messiah (16:20). So what is Jesus’ move here?
Well, he’s refusing to let his identity get hijacked into a campaign slogan in a city built entirely on campaign slogans. Peter had the right answer, but the right answer spoken in the wrong place becomes just another piece of political theater, and Jesus wanted no part of Caesarea Philippi’s particular specialty. The real proof of who Jesus is was never going to be a press release. It was going to be a life lived fully. Their lives, binding and loosing, lived out in a way that made the claim credible before it ever needed to be said out loud.
So here we are, generations after this story was first passed down. Many of us here call him Messiah, and we’ve received the blessing of Christ. That blessing includes the responsibility to bind and loose. In today’s language? We make decisions based on Jesus’ teachings, and we try to live those teachings out. We try to love our neighbor (22:39) (and yes, even our enemies (5:44)). We know what it means when he teaches, “So the last will be first, and the first will be last.” (20:16)
Jesus is repeatedly calling for his followers to care for the least of these, the ones on the margins, for the ones who need advocates, the ones who need stood up for… and those who need simple human recognition, and maybe a meal.
A number of you today have brought in food to help support a ministry that literally provides hungry people sandwiches. Thank you for that! That’s the blessing of binding and loosing lived out among us. We’ll do it again next week at our Fifth Sunday Food and pet supply drive. We’ll continue to support organizations like Family Promise, Justa Center and Habitat for Humanity, and others who help those unhoused neighbors of ours who need to get back on their feet again.
Our Missions committee just gave financial support to two Cooling Centers (Wesley UMC and Phoenix Rescue Mission) in the valley this summer. These cooling centers are saving lives. Providing an actual oasis in this broiling heat is an act of mercy, and it honors the dignity of the people who are finding refuge within them.
So let’s keep that up. Let’s not grow tired of doing good. Let’s be the people of Jesus, transformed by his life as well as his sacrifice. He is our Teacher, and he sends us out to love God, our neighbor and ourselves. He is our Messiah, because he came to save us from what this world offers. The Caesarea Philippi of our day will tell us that the only way to a proper life is through the collection of power and influence. But Jesus offers another way; a way of grace and mercy for all of God’s creation.
“Who do you say that I am?” That gets answered in the everyday binding and loosing of our lives. May they know we follow Jesus by our love.
Amen.
Sermon By: Rev. Dave Wasson

